# 118_legend_delimiters

DESCRIPTION:
components of either side of the symbol are of approximately equal proportion.


DESCRIPTION:
the component in front of the symbol is more extensive than the one that follows.


DESCRIPTION:
the component in front of the symbol is considerably more extensive than the one that follows.


DESCRIPTION:
the component in front of the symbol overlies what follows.


# 118_legend_geomorphological_processes

DESCRIPTION:
Gully erosion: running water, mass movement and/or snow avalanching, resulting in the formation of  parallel and sub-parallel long, narrow ravines.


DESCRIPTION:
Irregularly sinuous channel: a clearly defined main channel displaying irregular turns and bends without repetition of similar features; backchannels may be common, and minor side channels and a few bars and islands may be present, but regular and irregular meanders are absent.


DESCRIPTION:
Anastomosing channel: a channel zone where channels diverge and converge around many islands. The islands are vegetated and have surfaces that are relatively far above mean maximum discharge levels.  Some channels are dry at moderate or low flows.


DESCRIPTION:
Meandering channel: a clearly defined channel characterized by a regular and repeated pattern of bends with relatively uniform amplitude and wave length.


DESCRIPTION:
Beaver damming: interruption of regular fluvial transport by beaver dams leading to widespread and repeated ponding.


DESCRIPTION:
Slow mass movements: slow downslope movement of masses of cohesive or non-cohesive surficial material and/or bedrock by creeping, flowing or sliding.


DESCRIPTION:
Open fissures, commonly near the crest of a slope


DESCRIPTION:
Rapid mass movements: rapid downslope movement by falling, rolling, sliding or flowing of dry, moist or saturated debris derived from surficial material and/or bedrock.


DESCRIPTION:
Initiation zone; sites or zones of instability; headscarps of debris slides or earthflows and source areas for rockfall and debris flows


DESCRIPTION:
Cryoturbation: movement of surficial materials by heaving and/or churning due to frost action (repeated freezing and thawing).


DESCRIPTION:
Permafrost processes: processes controlled by the presence of permafrost, and permafrost aggradation or degradation.


DESCRIPTION:
Thermokarst: thermal erosion by water; depressions created by melting of ice-rich permafrost due to heat transfer from water bodies.


DESCRIPTION:
Channeled by meltwater: erosion and channel formation by meltwater alongside, beneath, or in front of a glacier.


DESCRIPTION:
Kettled: depressions in surficial materials resulting from the melting of buried glacier ice.


DESCRIPTION:
Slump in bedrock; sliding of internally cohesive mass of bedrock along a slip plane that is concave upward or planar.


DESCRIPTION:
Debris slide; sliding of disintegrating mass of surficial material


DESCRIPTION:
Debris flow; rapid flow of saturated debris


DESCRIPTION:
Slump in surficial material; sliding of internally cohesive mass of surficial material along a slip plane that is concave upward or planar.


DESCRIPTION:
Rockslide; descent of large masses of disintegrating bedrock by sliding


DESCRIPTION:
Thermokarst subsidence; surface depressions created by the thaw of ice-rich permafrost and resulting soil subsidence.


DESCRIPTION:
Progressive bank erosion; indicated by presence of undercut banks, overhanging and fallen trees and much timber in the channel


DESCRIPTION:
Inundation - terrain seasonally under standing water which results from high water table/local flooding.


# 118_legend_qualifiers

DESCRIPTION:
used where there is direct evidence that glacier i


DESCRIPTION:
used where there is evidence that a surficial mate


DESCRIPTION:
used where there is no evidence that a surficial m


# 118_legend_surface_expression

DESCRIPTION:
unidirectional (planar) surface; 16-26 º (27-50%) slope; longitudinal profile smooth and straight, or slightly concave/convex; relief of local surface irregularities generally<1 m.


DESCRIPTION:
a layer of unconsolidated material thick enough (>1 m) to mask minor irregularities of the surface of the underlying material,but still conforms to the general underlying topography; outcrops of the underlying unit are rare.


DESCRIPTION:
a cone or sector  of a cone, mostly steeper than 15º  (26%); longitudinal profile is smooth and straight, or slightly concave/convex; typically applied to talus cones.


DESCRIPTION:
circular or irregular area of lower elevation (hollow) than the surrounding terrain, >2 m deep, delimited by an abrupt break in slope steeper than the surrounding terrain; commonly applied to kettle holes and pitted outwash plains in glaciofluvial material.


DESCRIPTION:
sector of a cone with a slope gradient less than 15º (26%) from apex to toe; longtitudinal profile is smooth and straight, or slightly concave/convex.


DESCRIPTION:
steep sided hillock(s) and hollow(s) with multidirectional slopes dominantly between 15-35º  (26-70%) if composed of unconsolidated materials, whereas bedrock slopes may be steeper; local relief>1 m; in plan, an assemblage of non-linear, generally chaotic forms that are rounded and irregular in cross-profile; commonly applied to knob-and-kettle glaciofluvial terrain.


DESCRIPTION:
unidirectional (planar) surface; 4-15º (7-26%) slope; longitudinal profile smooth and straight, or slightly concave/ convex; relief of local surface irregularities generally <1 m.


DESCRIPTION:
unidirectional (planar) surface; 27-35º (50-70%) slope; longitudinal profile smooth and straight, or slightly concave/ convex; relief of local surface irregularities generally<1 m.


DESCRIPTION:
elongate hillock (s) ; slopes dominantly between 3-15º (5-26%); local relief>1 m; in plan, an assemblage of parallel linear forms with subdued relief (commonly applied to bedrock ridges and fluted or streamlined till plains).


DESCRIPTION:
a leavel or very gently sloping, unidirectional (planar) surface with slopes 0-3º (O-5%); relief of local surface irregularities generally<1 m; applied to (glacio) fluvial floodplains, organic deposits, lacustrine deposits and till plains.


DESCRIPTION:
elongate hillock(s) with slopes dominantly 15-35º (26-70%) slope; if composed of unconsolidated materials; bedrock stopes may be steeper; local relief is >1 m; in plan, an assemblage of parallel or sub-parallel linear forms; commonly applied to drumlinized till plains, eskers, morainal ridges crevasse fillings and ridged bedrock.


DESCRIPTION:
unidirectional (planar) surface; > 35º (70%) slope; longitudinal profile smooth and straight, or slightly concave/ convex; relief of local surface irregularities generally<1 m; bedrock slopes may be more irregular; commonly applied to terrace scarps, gully side walls and bedrock cliffs.


DESCRIPTION:
a single or assemblage of step-like forms where each step-like form consists of a scarp face and a horizontal or gently inclined surface above it; applied to fluvial and lacustrine terraces and stepped bedrock topography.


DESCRIPTION:
gently sloping hillock (s) and hollow(s) with multidirectional slopes up to 15º (26%); local relief > 1 m; in plan, an assemblage of non-linear,generally chaotic forms that are rounded or irregular in cross-profile; commonly applied to till plains, sand dunes and kame topography.


DESCRIPTION:
a layer of unconsolidated materials too thin to mask the minor irregularities of the surface of the underlying material; 10cm -1m in thick; commonly applied to eolian/loess veneers and colluvial veneers.


DESCRIPTION:
a layer or discontinuous layer of surficial material of variable thickness (0-3m) that fills or partly fills depressions in an irregular substrate.


DESCRIPTION:
a very thin layer of unconsolidated material, 2-20 cm thick.


# 118_legend_surficial_materials

DESCRIPTION:
surficial materials so modified by human activities that their original physical properties (e.g., structure, cohesion, compaction) have been drastically altered.These materials commonly have a wide range of textures.  They are typically formed by the removal of material from an original site followed by redeposition elsewhere. Includes landfills and tailings.


DESCRIPTION:
materials that have reached their present positions as a result of direct, gravity-induced mass movement involving no agent of transportation such as water or ice, although the moving material may have contained water and/or ice. Generally consists of massive to moderately well stratified, non-sorted to poorly sorted sediments with any range of particle sizes from clay to boulders and blocks. Includes landslide debris, talus slopes and weathered mantles of till or bedrock.


DESCRIPTION:
materials transported and deposited by wind action. Generally consists of medium to fine sand and coarse silt that is well sorted, non-compacted, and may contain internal structures such as cross-bedding or ripple laminae, or may be massive. A thin veneer of silty loess (zEvw) between 5 and 30 cm thick is widespread throughout the map area over till and glaciofluvial deposits, especially in hollows and depressions.  Inactive sand dune fields (sEr) are found immediately north and south of the Liard River,  just east of Porter Lakes.


DESCRIPTION:
materials transported and deposited by streams and rivers. Deposits generally consist of gravel and/or sand and/or silt (and rarely, clay).  Gravel is typically rounded and contains interstitial sand. Fluvial sediments are commonly moderately to well sorted and display stratification. Includes floodplain, delta, fluvial terrace and fan deposits.


DESCRIPTION:
materials transported and deposited by streams and rivers. Deposits generally consist of gravel and/or sand and/or silt (and rarely, clay). Gravel is typically rounded and contains interstitial sand. Fluvial sediments are commonly moderately to well sorted and display stratification. Includes floodplain, delta, fluvial terrace and fan deposits.


DESCRIPTION:
materials that exhibit clear evidence of having been deposited by glacial meltwater streams either directly in front of, or in contact with, glacier ice.  Materials typically range from non-sorted and non-bedded gravel made up of a wide range of particle sizes, to moderately to well sorted, stratified gravel; flow tills may occur in some deposits. Hummocky or irregular terrain may be present and is indicative of collapse of the material due to melting of supporting ice. Kettles may occur on the surface of these deposits as a result of buried or partially buried ice melting out. Includes pitted outwash plains, kames and eskers.


DESCRIPTION:
morainal material deposited directly by glacier ice without modification by any other agent of transportation. Morainal material can be transported beneath, beside, on, within and in front of a glacier. The physical characteristics of till deposits are highly variable and depend upon both the source of material incorporated by the glacier and the mode of deposition. In general, till consists of well compacted to non-compacted material that is non-stratified and contains a heterogeneous mixture of particle sizes, commonly in a matrix of sand, silt and clay.


DESCRIPTION:
sediments that have settled in bodies of standing fresh water either from suspension or from underwater gravity flows, such as turbidity currents. Lacustrine sediments can also accumulate along lake margins through the action of waves. Sediments commonly consist of stratified fine sand, silt and/or clay deposited on the lake bed from suspension, or moderately to well sorted, stratified sand and coarser materials that are beach and other littoral sediments transported and deposited by wave action.


DESCRIPTION:
lacustrine materials deposited in or along the margins of glacial (ice-dammed) lakes, including sediments that were released by the melting of floating ice. Glaciolacustrine sediments include lake bed sediments consisting of stratified fine sand, silt and/or clay; they commonly contain ice-rafted stones and lenses of till and/or glaciofluvial material. Slump structures and/or their topographic expression, such as hummocky or irregular terrain, may be present and are indicative of collapse of the material due to melting of supporting ice. Kettles may occur on the surface of lake bed sediments as a result of the melting of buried or partially buried ice. A second type of glaciolacustrine deposite occurs as moderately sorted to well sorted, stratified sand and coarser beach sediments transported and deposited by wave action along the margins of glacial lakes.


DESCRIPTION:
sediments composed largely of organic materials resulting from the accumulation of vegetative matter; they contain at least 30% organic matter by weight (17% or more organic carbon). Organic materials are commonly saturated with water and consist mainly of the accumulated remains of mosses, sedges, or other hydrophytic vegetation in wetland settings.


DESCRIPTION:
Areas with bedrock outcrops, which may or may not be covered by a thin mantle (< 10 cm) of unconsolidated till, colluvium or organic materials.


# 118_legend_texture

DESCRIPTION:
rounded, mixture of two or more size ranges


DESCRIPTION:
consists of shells and/or shell fragments


# 118_surficial_lines_conversion

TYPE:
meltwater channel, minor, flow direction known


TYPE:
streamlined landform, ice-flow direction unknown

OLD_TYPE:
streamlined landforms (drumlins, flutings, grooves)


# 118_surficial_points_conversion

OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 44200 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 44930 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 46530 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 46750 BP


TYPE:
streamlined landform, ice-flow direction unknown

OLD_TYPE:
streamlined landforms (drumlins, flutings, grooves)


# surficial_lines

ORIGNL_MAP:
Lipovsky, McKenna & Huscroft, 2005, Watson Lake (105A/02), YGS Open File 2005-7


TYPE:
meltwater channel, minor, flow direction known


TYPE:
streamlined landform, ice-flow direction unknown

OLD_TYPE:
streamlined landforms (drumlins, flutings, grooves)


# surficial_points

ORIGNL_MAP:
Lipovsky, McKenna & Huscroft, 2005, Watson Lake (105A/02), YGS Open File 2005-7


TYPE:
streamlined landform, ice-flow direction unknown

OLD_TYPE:
streamlined landforms (drumlins, flutings, grooves)


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 46530 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 44200 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 44930 BP


OLD_SUBTYPE:
C14 radiocarbon dated wood sample; > 46750 BP


# surficial_polygons

ORIGNL_MAP:
Lipovsky, McKenna & Huscroft, 2005, Watson Lake (105A/02), YGS Open File 2005-7


